Using Color To Define A Character Film Studies Essay

Using Color To Define A Character Film Studies Essay Edward Sissorhand, Moulin Rouge, Hero. Compare/contrast color and meaning how color define character. Color has an important role for a movie. The colors have many meaning such as love, happiness, sadness, cheerfulà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. so that it will make the film more interesting. Understanding color meanings, it helps with mixing and matching colors to know the relationship of adjacent, complementary, and clashing colors (color meaning). In addition the characters also have an important role. Every movie will have a different meaning of the colors form that the audiences will know clearly what the director want to define about the characters for that movie. The combination for all of them will make the scene more harmonious. Edward Scissorhands is a 1990 comedy-drama fantasy film directed by Tim Burton and starring Johnny Depp (Wikipedia, film). The inventor was inspired to make an artificial man due to the anthropomorphic appearance of his other inventions. He raised Edward as his son and tutored him in various subjects, but died while in the act of offering a pair of hands to Edward (Wikipedia, film). He lives alone in the ancient palace for a long time. Later there is a woman who name Peg comes to the ancient palace and she takes him come back with her like a friend. Now the audiences will know Edward is the main character in the movie. As the main character the director pay attention about his color that in the beginning he just has black color. With only one color he looks so lonely and melancholy, but later by the point of director he has black and white with the changing he became friendlier. The scene is in the garden of the ancient palace, after Edward left the town and say goodbye with Kim before he comes back and live in the palace. Edward is going to go down form the stair to the garden. Now he comes back with only black color for the whole body, this point will make the audience pay attentions to him, because he just say goodbye with Kim so they want to know how Edward is felling now. The background is divided with a part was palace and a part was blue sky. The scene is in a beautiful garden with many colors, most of it is green because it has a lot of grass and statue of a kind of animal in front of the scene. Edward only has black color and he is standing in a place with many colors so the first thing makes the audiences pay attention is him and he also is the main character. There is still had another thing made Edward in this scene become important that is the tone. In fact green and blue are stand for happiness but the tone is sad so that it makes the green and blue also sad, it also makes the main character become more important because there is only him in the scene. The tone is showing the main of point of the director for the feeling of Edward in the scene. Moulin Rouge is a 2001 musical film directed by Baz Luhrmann, based largely on the Giuseppe Verdi opera La Traviata (Wikipedia, film).. This movie talks about the music and dance. Christian is a young Bohemian poet living in 1899 Paris, defies his father by joining the colorfully diverse clique inhabiting the dark, fantastical underworld of Paris now legendary Moulin Rouge (movie yahoo). Satine is an actress and a singer; in Moulin Rouge she is a character who is very famous. The main colors of this movie are red and blue; red stand for sadness and blue stand for happiness. Every time the scene has red color it will have something happen to the main character-Satine. As the point of the director red stand for sadness and Satines hair also is red so she becomes the first main character of the movie. This scene is in the stage with many people are dancing and singing. All of them are very happy. Two main characters are very happy and they are singing the love song. The blue now look like cover the whole stage, as the point of director blue to stand for happiness. So the audience will think Christian and Satine will become a love couple after the performance. However the color suddenly changes to red. There are a lot of confetti falls down from the ceiling into Christian and Satine, it is red and then everything also turns into red. Christian and Satine still sing their song and they look very love each other. The audiences will think in this scene red will stand for the win and color of love, but from beginning red stand for sadness. In fact blue is stand for happiness and red stand for the win but in this movie red stand for sadness. After they finish the performance the curtain close up Satine dies. Now the sadness is breaking the plot of the audiences. Everybody after the curt ain are crying however the people out side are laughing and clap hand mean for they have a successful performance. Hero is a 2002 Chinese martial arts film, directed by Zhang Yimou with music by Tan Dun (Wikipedia, film). The movie has a group of assassins those are Flying Snow, Broken Sword and Long Sky. All of them have sworn to kill the King of Qin. Nameless is the character that will kill those people. [When he finishes his mission he] come to the palace bearing the legendary weapons of the slain assassins, the King was impatient to hear his story. Sitting in the palace, only ten paces from the King, Nameless told his extraordinary (Hero [2002] [US Version]). The main colors of this film are red, blue and green each color have a different story. This scene start in a bookshelves room, there are three characters Nameless, Broken Sword and Flying know. The main color in this scene is blue and the clothes of the characters also blue. This is the best point in this movie because in each story the color will be changed. Now they are in the mountain the tone in this scene is sad and it makes blue also sad, in fact blue stand for happiness. By the combination of director blue in this scene become sadness. Suddenly, Broken Sword wants to use the sword stab Flying Snow but Flying Snow has stab him first, but he doesnt die it just make him feel tire. Flying Snow goes alone and Broken Sword follows her but he cant catch her up. It makes this scene become important because they are in the mountain and around it is sand but there is still has a horse-a white horse. That means the horse is prepared before by someone. As the point of director, there is only a horse and Broken Sword is injured so Flying Snow will ride the horse. The colors of those three movies are stand for sadness; each director will have different way to express the content and the emotion for their movie. Although, the colors in the movies stand for sadness, but the audiences will have different feeling when they watch the movie. In fact those colors all are stand for happiness. In Edward Sissorhands and Hero, both of directors use blue to express the sadness in the scene. The tone also is also using to increase the sadness for the main character. However, in Moulin Rough is different, the director uses red to express the sadness is better. Because at the end of the film the plot is broken, and the main character Satine dies so the feeling of the audiences suddenly change to sad. While before a few minutes two main characters Christian and Satine and everyone in the state are very happy dancing and singing. Therefore, breaking the plot to express sadness of the red color is better than those two movies. In conclusion, color is an important role for making a film. The color will stand out the main point of director. The audiences will know the feeling of the characters then they can guest what is the next happen will have for the main character when they see that color in the scene. Every film has a different meaning of the color so we cant know which the best is. In addition the tone also effect to the color so it depend on each person when they watch the movie.

General Reasons For Plastic Surgery Media Essay

General Reasons For Plastic Surgery Media Essay When the word plastic surgery is heard or used, people immediately think of body changes or enhancements and want to know what has been done. This is especially so in the case of women due to the focus and featuring of the female face and body in magazines and fashion shows. Plastic surgery is performed all over the world where we have women who are in need of bodily transformations and where the procedures are available. There is a high prevalence of this in the US and Europe, and through globalization the image of the enhanced western woman has been spread far and wide. Because of this, we find women aspiring to this model or just an enhancement to make her look better than her compatriot. This phenomenon has also spread to the Middle Eastern countries and can be found from Lebanon, Syria and others to the UAE. There are many reasons which will be explained why women in this region, and the UAE resort to this treatment despite the fact that it is prohibited in the religion of Islam . In simple terms, plastic surgery can be seen as an operation to change, shape or mould a persons features as you would do with plastic. However, on a more sophisticated basis, plastic, reconstructive, and cosmetic surgery refers to a variety of operations performed by doctors and undertaken by patients in order to repair or restore body parts to look normal again, or to change or enhance a body part to look better than before and thus draw more attention. All of these types of procedures are highly specialized and require accurate skills and training to perform them. The operations require the careful preparation of a persons skin and tissues, followed by precise cutting. Afterwards , stitching needs to be accurately done to leave minute traces of scar tissue. Due to cutting-edge technology in the form of instrumentation and procedures, plastic surgery is more advanced today than before (Magleby 2008;Surgery Encyclopedia 2010). General Reasons for Plastic Surgery: The three types of surgery performed use similar types of techniques and approaches. However, they all have different reasons attached. In the case of plastic surgery it is mainly used to treat defects after birth as well as enhance the skin whereby blemishes, acne scars, growths or birthmarks could be removed. Cosmetic surgery is just to make a person look younger or enhance the appearance. Reconstructive surgery is mainly used for the reattachment of body parts that got detached in an accident or in war or to add body parts that were missing at birth or were removed by surgery (Surgery Encyclopedia 2010;Skin grafts are also used for severe burn victims as shown in the case of a Palestinian child with severe burns who were sent to the UAE (Palestine Childrens Relief Fund 2006). Specific Types and uses of Plastic Surgery: Plastic surgery:- it involves surgical procedures of the skin. Here the popular ones are the shaping of ears, acne scars and removal of tattoos. Also, the famous excess removal of abdominal fatty tissue (tummy tucks) are common. Cosmetic surgery:- this is done on the face for enhancement and beautification. This is used to enhance facial features or correct a disfigurement. In children cleft lips or palates are cosmetically rectified. For adults it is mostly about shaping and modeling noses and lips. Sagging bags under eyelids are also done as well as the well-known facelifts. Then there are also the cases of breast enhancements- either increase or decrease the size of it. For a breast increase, implants are used and for reduction, excess fat and tissue are removed (Leslie 2009; Surgery Encyclopedia 2010; Corder 2007). Reconstructive surgery: most of the cases treated are accident and burn victims. In the case of accidents it is related to the rebuilding and reconstructing of broken bones and limbs and involves skin transplantations and skin grafts as well. It includes the cases of reattachment of severed fingers , toes or arms, provided these limbs are taken to the hospital quickly. At other times, artificial limbs are attached to the body or implants are made such as teeth, knee, elbow and hip joints (Surgery Encyclopedia 2010) Is plastic surgery spreading or not? Plastic surgery is definitely on the rise and there just does not seem to be an end to it in the near future. It has always been popular in the US, especially among films tars and other celebrities and the media thrives on this. Unfortunately for people, but good for the doctors performing it, more and more people aspire for certain looks and undergo surgery. The American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery reports that over 10.2 million cosmetic surgical and nonsurgical procedures were performed in the United States in 2008 (Batool 2009;Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Statistics 2009; Leslie 2009). Statistics of Plastic Surgery in the US (2008) Plastic surgery in the UAE Even in the Middle East, plastic surgery is highly sought after. In nearby Lebanon (Lee 2008) and Syria ( Syrians seekà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦2009) it is big business , as well as in Iraq (Santana 2010). In Iraq one doctor reports 20 cosmetic surgeries a week (Santana 2010). In the UAE most of the women are influenced by looks of models and celebrities or artists. Although prices are said to be high (Corder 2007) , plastic surgery is still accepted and embraced by many people, men and women, but more women than men. Onlinesurgery (2009) reports an increase in UAE plastic procedures and reasons given are numerous, but the most important one is aesthetics and beauty. Because of the number of procedures undertaken and the demand by locals and women in the region, there has been an enormous increase in the number of plastic surgeries that opened in the UAE, notably the most in Dubai. Underwood (2009) on the contrary thinks that cosmetic surgery is a gamble. This is in relation to reports that man y plastic surgeries in Dubai are advertising plastic surgery along with a hotel recovery period and the argument is that the cost combined with a hotel stay will be too high. One surgery directory shows 21 clinics for plastic surgery (Cosmetic Surgery UAE Dubai Directory). Dr.Toledo (2008) a practicing surgeon in Dubai reports that accurate statistics for the UAE are not available, but according to him there is enough business in this field and it is still on the increase. Magleby (2008) reports that the UAE has its own rush for cosmetic surgery brought on as reported by one doctor by womens fear that their husbands might leave them for a younger women .According to this report, the most common group seeking plastic surgery are between the ages 20 and 65. Plastic Surgery and Islam Gleason (2010) asserts that in the US and the Western world, plastic surgery is an everyday affair and acceptable. According to her, there are many questions being asked about plastic surgery and how acceptable it is according to the religious beliefs of Islam. This surgery is widely, but not completely rejected: according to Islam, plastic surgery purely for beautification and to look attractive is contrary to Islamic laws. It is as if the creation and handiwork of Allah (God) is condemned and unacceptable. It is the belief that the human body is given as a gift, and changing this nature which was created by Allah is a sin inspired by Satan. A second argument is whether human beings are allowed to make changes to the God-given body. It is Islamic belief that humans were created in the image of Allah and happiness should be the order of the day for Allahs children. Therefore if there is some bodily deformity, then plastic surgery can be accepted, as long as the reason is valid. Thus, cosmetic surgery just because someone is unhappy about how Allah created him or her, is forbidden (Islam 2010; Islamonline 2002; Uloom 1999). The Hadiths in Islam reads: Cursed is the woman who artificially lengthens her (or some- one elses) hair, and the woman who asks for artificially lengthening her hair, the one who plucks hair from her face and the one who gets her hair plucked, the one who tattoos and the one who asks to be tattooed, the women who pluck hair and those who get their hair plucked, and the women who make spaces between their teeth for beautification changing what Allah has created. And in the end all these were said to have one common trait characterizing them as far as their intentions are concerned: changing what Allah has created. (Shawqi,1987). Why do people in the UAE undergo Plastic Surgery? There are many reasons why Emirati women and others in the UAE resort to plastic surgery. The main reason is psychological. This connects with their self-esteem, especially married women who fear that their husbands might take a younger looking wife (Magleby 2008). According to Magleby (2008), one surgeon related that surgeons sometimes need to play the role of psychologists in the case of depressed patients who are unhappy with their looks. Many a time women have unrealistic expectations: an obese person wants liposuction to turn her into a slender person, while another expects a facelift to work a miracle and turn an older face into a youthful one. Most of the time, the results are not as were expected. There is also a wide belief that if a person is contended with her looks, then she will be a more relaxed person. Another reason is good looks these are also often equated then with happiness and if one is attractive, then people accept you more easily and men find you more appealing. Many women want to copy the looks and enhancements of film stars and other celebrities and undergo surgery for eye, lip and breast enhancements. Singer Nancy Ajram, from Lebanon, is a well-known Middle Eastern, who underwent lots of surgical procedures, and Lebanon is seen as the plastic surgery capital of the Middle East (Santana 2010). A surgical makeover is high on many womens wish-list and women in the UAE and elsewhere in the Middle East seek nose-jobs to fit the looks of an Arab: some like a long- looking nose, while others with too long a nose wants it shortened (Magleby 2008). Other people depend on good looks to advance their career-prospects and some jobs like journalism, front-desk work, and TV presenting, to name a few, demand a good face. Risks and mishaps of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery for cosmetic enhancement, is not without any risks attached. There have been many reported cases of mishaps and even deaths that occurred in the UAE and in other parts of the world. Magleby (2008) reports that prospective clients for this procedure should check out a doctors credentials before surgery and should only use board-certified surgeons. Many things can go wrong during surgery or afterwards and some patients die while undergoing surgery or suffer from deformation after the operation (How to chooseà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦2010). Abdullah (2007) mentions a case in Dubai where a woman died after liposuction , leading to a police investigation, and this serves as a warning on choosing a surgeon. The UAE Ministry of health has warned the public against dodgy clinics using low-quality chemicals (Time Out Dubai 2009). In another case, the Dubai police raided a flat in Deira (Dubai) and shut down an unlicensed clinic where untrained, so-called surgeons performed surgery under unhygienic and unprofessional conditions. This clinic offered low-cost procedures for treatments of Botox to enhance lips and cheeks as well as other procedures- here the risks are clearly to be seen. In January, the Health Authority-Abu Dhabi issued a statement saying that they would publish guidelines for beauty clinics to control sand prevent such incidents (Menon 2010). In another case, a doctor who was dismissed from the board of surgeons in the US for malpractices and harm caused to patients, opened a practice in Dubai, and was later arrested by the police by operating there under a false name. This clearly shows some of the risk involved in plastic surgery (Telegraph 2010). Conclusion: Plastic surgery, the enhancement process by means of surgery has many different forms and benefits. It is very beneficial where someone is in need of physical enhancement due to a malformed body part or where a limb has been severed or was destroyed. In the case of cosmetic surgery it serves to mostly shape and enhance the persons personal looks and body shape. Millions of women worldwide and in the UAE favour this procedure. The women who subject themselves to the cosmetic surgery would like to look younger, or have a better facial or bodily look. Plastic surgery for purely better looks are frowned upon in the Islamic religion, however, women in the Middle East still do this and justify their actions. This surgery also does not come without risks and people have died, especially under the hand of unprofessionally qualified surgeons. Many instances of malpractices in the UAE have been uncovered and warnings and advice have been given in connection with plastic surgery. Despite all of the things mentioned, plastic surgery still carries on as women keep on searching for better looks.

Hoop Dreams :: Hoop Dreams

Hoop Dreams  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Hoop Dreams is a story about two young men who want to become basketball players in the NBA. The author Ben Joravsky wrote the book. The idea for the book came from the documentary movie, Hoop Dreams, which is a true story. Arthur Agee and William Gates are the names of the two boys who were followed from eighth grade to twelve grade to do the movie. Arthur Agee was a 5'6 125 pound guard from the playgrounds of Chicago when St Joseph recruiters saw him. Arthur was playing against guy's three years older than he was and he was still the best in the neighborhood. Arthur's parents Bo and Sheila Agee were very poor people who were on cocaine and could not support their family. Big Earl, the guy who recruited Arthur told his family that St. Joe's would be able to pay Arthur's tuition if he played basketball for them. Arthur went to St. Joe's and met William Gates. They had become friends in grade school but had never really done anything together. Eventually William turned out to be the b etter player and all the attention and money was focused on him. Therefore, Arthur was booted out of St. Joe's in the middle of the school year. He was forced to enroll at Marshall, the area public school. As a result, Arthur could see his dreams of the NBA were slipping away. Along with that, he couldn't keep his grades up enough to attend a Division I school. He and the Marshall Commandos ended up going downstate Arthur's senior year. They finished third in the state overall. Arthur ended up going to a junior college named Mineral Area in Flat River Mississippi. After his two years in Mississippi, Arthur received a scholarship to Arkansas State. He finished his degree in communications and he graduated. Arthur never did reach his dream of going to the NBA, at least yet. As you can see, it takes a lot for an inner city boy to try and reach his dream, but most of the time it never happens. William Gates was also 14 when he was recruited to go to St. Joseph. He and Arthur both had to wake up around 5:30 every morning so they could get on the subway to make it to school in time.

The Paths We Choose Essay -- John Steinbecks Of Mice and Men

To take someone’s life; is it truly wrong? This is not that simple of a question, because every time a life is taken it isn’t out of cold blood. Sometimes it is just the opposite of that thought. The portrayal of George and Carlson in the book Of Mice and Men is of life takers. They differ by moral standings; the bonds they share with the character is life they take, and how take that character's life affects them. While George takes a life out of mercy, Carlson did what he thought was necessary. They made the same decision for different reasons and different understandings of why it had to be done. George is hot tempered older brother figure to Lennie who is a big and gentle but deadly guy; on the other hand, Carlson is a ranch hand with no really close connections. George was asked by Aunt Clara to promise to take care of Lennie. He sees Lennie as a kid brother that doesn’t know any better; George is life bound to Lennie, not just thought the promise he made, but George’s own love for him. When Lennie is sad to calm him down, he invented a story of a ranch with bunnies with the promise that they leave, and go there when they are old. He cares for Lennie so much he starts to believe his own story; Skip town leaves jobs just for Lennie sake. Carlson is a selfish man. If something no longer has a use, he gets rid of it â€Å"that dog was a great sheep dog in it prime† is something Candy would have said to Carlson. If something has no value there’s no need for it to exist anymore. Basically Carlson cutting himself off from others, so he won't get attach ed to them once they are no longer usefully. He will shed them like a snake shad’s skin, but while it may soun... ...f a question, because every time a life is taken it isn’t out of cold blood. As we see with George, your moral character may say that it’s wrong, but if it’s a family member, your brother, your sister, even your best friend who was in trouble, and a group was after them, and there was no other choice: they’re going to die if the group got to them; they were going to be torched. Like Clarkson, we also understand the means of necessity; if something doesn’t work you throw it out, or in his case, kill it. For George taking a life is hard, even harder when the life you’re taking is closer to you, and to put that responsibility in someone else hand is cruel to those you care for .Carlson has no problem with taking life; it is not he doesn’t care about life, just to him it is necessary for life to be taken, and the outcome is not different no matter who pulls the trigger.

Pupil School :: Papers

Pupil School The whole building seemed to moan in pain as the merciless wind battered it's crumbling walls. The Hayes boarding school had just called lights out. Mr Branston, the head teacher, doddered down the corridor at a snails pace rattling his cane across every radiator he walked past in an attempt to intimidate the students. He was making sure the dormitories were locked down and secure, but he was too drunk to check any locks properly. So he stumbled blindly back to his office to finish off the whiskey. As the rattling faded and finally ceased small lights could be seen through the dusty cobwebbed windows of the dormitories and the murmuring of whispered speech could be heard through the thin walls. Word had gone round school through word of mouth and notes passed in class that Norris had organised a meeting in the gym that very night. So as the school fell silent the children crept to the gym where Norris, or Gregory Norris as he was known to the teachers, stood waiting on the stage. He was hugely respected by the students and despised by the teachers. He held the record for the most detentions in a row after getting one hundred and thirty five for setting Mr Branstons wig alight during a chemistry class in year eight. He had dark messy hair and light brown eyes, which seemed to stare right through you as he spoke. He stood tall on the stage watching over the students as they entered the hall. First to arrive were the year seven and eight pupils looking warily around to make sure that the meeting wasn't an ambush by the older students, then quickly scuttling into a corner near the stage. Next came the year ten and eleven pupils who were used to sneaking round at night and had stopped off at the kitchens for a midnight snack. Finally came the year nines who shuffled grumpily in and sat on the tables at the back complaining about how they need to sleep. Pupil School :: Papers Pupil School The whole building seemed to moan in pain as the merciless wind battered it's crumbling walls. The Hayes boarding school had just called lights out. Mr Branston, the head teacher, doddered down the corridor at a snails pace rattling his cane across every radiator he walked past in an attempt to intimidate the students. He was making sure the dormitories were locked down and secure, but he was too drunk to check any locks properly. So he stumbled blindly back to his office to finish off the whiskey. As the rattling faded and finally ceased small lights could be seen through the dusty cobwebbed windows of the dormitories and the murmuring of whispered speech could be heard through the thin walls. Word had gone round school through word of mouth and notes passed in class that Norris had organised a meeting in the gym that very night. So as the school fell silent the children crept to the gym where Norris, or Gregory Norris as he was known to the teachers, stood waiting on the stage. He was hugely respected by the students and despised by the teachers. He held the record for the most detentions in a row after getting one hundred and thirty five for setting Mr Branstons wig alight during a chemistry class in year eight. He had dark messy hair and light brown eyes, which seemed to stare right through you as he spoke. He stood tall on the stage watching over the students as they entered the hall. First to arrive were the year seven and eight pupils looking warily around to make sure that the meeting wasn't an ambush by the older students, then quickly scuttling into a corner near the stage. Next came the year ten and eleven pupils who were used to sneaking round at night and had stopped off at the kitchens for a midnight snack. Finally came the year nines who shuffled grumpily in and sat on the tables at the back complaining about how they need to sleep.

New Communication Structure Essay

Communication is important in every aspect of our lives. This is also true for the communication used in our professional lives. When at work we â€Å"depend on cooperation with others to accomplish our goals, and communication is the critical human process we use to promote such cooperation.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 1.1) Understanding communication is the best way to make sure it is being used effectively correctly. When communication is effective then organizational components will run smoother and efficiently. Smoother and effective communication means that an organization has a greater chance of following its mission and achieving its goals. Successful communication can be as important to organizational productivity as any other component used. There are five concepts that are important for successful communication within an organizational setting and this proposal will discuss their necessity in an organization. Culture is something that needs to be recognized and aware of whe n we are communicating with everyone. It is also important in organizational communication. Organizational culture includes the norms and attitudes of the organization. To support clear and effective communication in an organization the employees must be pay close attention the organizational culture. The process of socialization will also help an employee to adapt to an organization’s culture. The process of socialization is where, â€Å"established members of cultural groups educate others and enforce adherence to established cultural rules or norms for appropriate behavior.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 17) In understanding the norms in an organization communication will be smoother because there will be less chance for misunderstandings. An example of organizational culture would be the style of dress in the office. If an organization is one where the employees dress in suits and formal business wear then an employee who came to work in shorts and a t-shirt would affect  the culture in a negative way. Those communicating with those employees could become uncomforta ble, or distracted. This may result in avoiding communication with this employee and over all communication will breakdown. Avoidance of communication with only one employee is enough to cause a gap in efficiency. The book â€Å"Communications in Organizations† explains, â€Å"Strategic organizational communicators initiate and develop strong, effective, and satisfying relationships with others to promote cooperation and coordination in organizational life.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 15) Understanding the organizational culture also builds trust and respect among employees which in turn brings higher production. Paying attention to organizational culture helps to build the relational communication to support effective communication. Part of an organization’s culture is the forms of communication used. Informal and formal communications are two types of communication that play an important role in an organization. The difference in both forms of communication can be explained as â€Å"Formal patterns of organizational communication follow the power hierarchy within organizations, whereas informal patterns of communication do not necessarily follow along power hierarchy lines† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 1.5) Formal communication is used to address important job related material. Paying close attention when receiving or using formal communication will stop an employee from making a mistake and will also give them the information to be successful. However, when filtering through formal communications such as emails it is important to avoid information overload. Information overload takes place when, â€Å"so many different messages are impinging on a person that the person has difficulty making sense of all the information available.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 174) Scanning email for the most important and relative messages is a skill that is necessary but recognizing formal emails for their importance will ensure that the information involved will be received. In understanding the nuances of informal communication an employee can avoid getting themselves in trouble by offending a supervisor or missing important information. In regards to organizational communication conflict resolution can be the difference in success or failure when working with others to meet company goals. Conflict is inevitable, and happens when people communicate. It can come from assumptions, miscommunications, or one way communication. The good news is conflict can be turned into a positive thing. A quote in  the book, says An Introduction to Leadership, that, â€Å"The most important single ingredient in the formula of success is knowing how to get along with people.† (Weis, 2011, pg 2) Working through conflicts can build better communication skills, as well as trust and understanding. In using conflict resolution steps new and better ideas can be generated for the organizations. A gentleman named Mr. Tim Scudder wrote a book in which he describes five steps to conflict resolution. An interview he gave he made the point that in conflict â€Å"both parties want the same thing.† (Scudder, 2011) He also stressed the importance of anticipating conflict. By anticipating conflict an employee will take time to think, and in thinking they will realize that the person they may have a conflict with wants the same thing. This puts the employee in a positive frame of mind and helps to come to a reasonable solution for both involved. In the article â€Å"How to Deal with Annoying Co-Workers† gives a suggestion to help in dealing with co-workers. It suggests that, â€Å"With most types of annoying co-workers, the solution is simply to be straightforward and assertive.† (Green, 2011) Working through a conflict helps co-workers to come to a better understanding of each other. When people understand and respect each other communication is smoother and more effective. Once again, smoother and effective communication benefits the organization. Formal communication, informal communication, and conflict resolution involve two parties. Each of these communications involves a time where another party receives information. In face to face communication active listening is a technique that will ensure that messages are received correctly and will allow the listener to formulate the best response. Active Listening is not only an important part of conflict resolution but communication as a whole. Active listening means, â€Å"being fully engaged in paying attention to your relational partner’s communication with you. It is not just hearing skills. It involves paying close attention to your partner’s verbal and nonverbal behaviors.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 4.3) In other words, it’s a way of showing respect for those you are communicating with. It sounds as simple as just listening but it’s not that simple. It takes a conscious effort to begin with before it becomes habit. If you are fully engaged in what your partner is communicating then you will get all of the information being sent. It may also evoke the norm of reciprocity which will have your partner giving you  their full attention. The norm of reciprocity is, â€Å"the urge to act in-kind that often encourages these relational partners to provide you with information and treat you similarly to the way you treat them.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 15) The importance to an organization of its members practicing active listening is participants receive all the information that is coming to them. This means that they have all they would need to know to complete their jobs successfully and meet organizational goals. Organizations have both formal and informal leaders. Formal leaders typically are ‘assigned their positions of authority within the organizational hierarchy and hold titles such as president, vice president, division leader, and manager.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 19) Informal leaders are little harder to define by position or tile but â€Å"emerge with organizational life based on credibility (usually a combination of charisma, dynamism, expertise, and trustworthiness), ability to accomplish complex tasks, and access to relevant information.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 19) Even if you are not a formal leader you can still have influence over others as an informal leader. Informal leaders are not defined by title but by quality of character. Understanding leadership strategies and what being a leader entails helps to motivate workers to meet organizational goals. It is important for organizational leaders be able to communicate in different ways for different situations. There are several different leadership strategies that can be employed for different situations. To understand leadership strategies it’s important to think about how leaders may see those under them. Douglas McGregor used X and Y models of leadership to explain the relationship between leaders and followers. Theory X makes the assumption about workers they do not like work and will do anything to avoid it. This model will make leaders be more directed because they think that is what workers prefer and need. McGregor’s Theory Y assumes that workers do not dislike work and will work hard if they feel the value of their effort. The Theory Y suggests that if workers are given a degree of autonomy and a chance to use their imaginations they will strive to be successful in their tasks. Depending on how leaders see workers can dictate their leadership strategies. One of three helpful leadership styles is the autocratic leadership style. This is a leadership style that would come from a leader who is a believer in Theory X. An autocratic leader â€Å"makes most  organizational decisions without consulting with others. The leader calls all the shots, tells workers what to do and how to do it.† (Kreps, 2011; sec 7.6) This type of leadership style would have little use for upward communication from those who follow. Upward communication is, â€Å"communication that travels up the power hierarchy.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 10) This would be difficult for a leader who believes in Theory X because, â€Å"upward communication enables workers to express their concerns and ideas, to provide and ask for feedback, and seek clarification from managers.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 10) The autocratic leadership style is best suited not for driving workers but in emergency situation where there is little time for collaboration. Organizational participants would appreciate a direct approach in times of pressure. On the opposing side of autocratic leadership is democratic leadership style. When using the democratic leadership style you, â€Å"share responsibility and involve other organizational participants in decision making, although the process for the final decision may vary from the leader having the final say to them facilitating consensus in the group.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 7.6) This type of leadership style is something that followers respond positively to. It also bolsters the leader’s position because the workers feel a â€Å"buy in† to the process. This is something that Theory Y talks about. The ability of helping the workers feel that their efforts and work are valued, and helping them to see the value. The drawback to this type of style is that it is time consuming, and can lead to conflict if not used correctly and in the right situation. Lastly, there is the laissez-faire leadership style. The laissez-faire leadership style would have the leader, â€Å"share power with workers and delegate decision-making authority to those individuals who are directly involved in the decision-making situations.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 7.6) This leadership style could be considered an extension of the democratic leadership style. In using this style it is important for a leader to know the capabilities of those under them. The employees under this leader must be experienced and skilled in the tasks that they are being given a degree of control over. This type of leadership style will help a leader delegate those things they have little time for. Delegation is an important skill. In the article â€Å"A Tool Kit for the Real World† it says that, â€Å"Business people don’t get accolades for being smart, but for being effective. That is measured in  things like increased sales, increased earnings and an increased number of licensing agreements. Not, alas, by the fruition of one employee’s great idea.† (Motluk, 2011) However, this should not be used as a way of having others do their work for them. This would be damaging to the leader and certainly the organization in that it can bring a degree of disorganization that would be extremely difficult to correct. The leadership strategies above are mentioned because they show the need for a leader to be able to decipher the right strategy for the right situation. Each has one distinctive way to deal with leading and each has its drawbacks when used outside of its best application. Therefore the situational model of leadership may be the best strategy when it comes to leadership. The situational model of leadership is, â€Å"based on the assumption that there is no right way of leading. Rather, the best leaders adapt to the unique situational constraints to exhibit the appropriate leadership style for the situation.† (Kreps, 2011; sec. 7.6) A leader must be able to analyze situations, those involved, the choices, and the preferred outcome. If it’s an emergency and little time involved then use the autocratic leadership style. When time is available to employ upward communication, and bolster workers self esteem and organizational value a leader should employ democratic leadership style. If a leader is feeling overwhelmed or they are feeling pulled in too many directions, perhaps a laissez-faire leadership style might help to delegate tasks to that can handle them. Understanding leadership strategies helps to use communications with workers that will work best in certain situations. The most important thing about communication in the work place is awareness. As the book â€Å"Communications in Organizations† points out, â€Å"Organizations and the way they communicate play critical roles in our lives.† (Kreps, 2011; pg. 25) The key to effective communication is awareness. All of the five concepts of organizational communication mentioned above have some type of awareness piece built in. Communication is smoothest when those communicating are aware of those they are communicating with, their culture, and their style of communication. Thinking before speaking, anticipating change and conflict, and knowing what actions to take will help a leader communicate effectively with workers. After presenting the five concepts for successful communication within an organizational setting above it is clear to see their necessity for  successful communication. References Kreps, G. (2011). Communications in Organizations. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Green, A. (2011, January 6). How to Deal With Annoying Co-Workers. Retrieved from http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2011/06/06/how-to-deal-with-annoying-co-workers Motluk, A.(2011) A Tool Kit for the Real World. Retrieved from http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19969-a-tool-kit-for-the-real-world.html?full=true (2011). Tim Scudder Interview. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_E7YVkjJQ0 Weiss, J. (2011). An Introduction to Leadership. San Diego, Bridgepoint Education, Inc.

Ontela Pickdeck A Essay

I would focus in priority on the teenagers, then on the young professionals and ultimately on the parents and the elderly. As a matter of fact, teenagers are the part of the population both most sensitive to fad phenomena and best at using new technologies. 1) Regina, the Teen First segment to target The teenagers’ generation is and has always been very sensitive to fashion. Moreover, immerged in the Internet Age since their childhood, they will always be looking for the state-of-the-art device or application (and will always have the time to do it). Thus they will be curious about the Ontela PickDeck for its revolutionary aspect and its ability to link all their devices rapidly. If their friends install the application they will surely do so. On the other hand, they are very good at using new technologies so they will not have the apprehension of dealing with that one. More importantly, they will be the PickDeck best ambassadors to their parents (segment most difficult to target) afterwards, and able to install it for them. The segment’s main default is that they do not own their own money. 2) Steve, the Young Professional Second segment to target The young professionals’ generation did not grow with the Internet Age so they master it a bit less. They are less curious and have less time so they would use it only if they can see a competitive advantage for their work but they generally work in the old-fashioned way. They will focus on the following qualities of the application: the rapid-sharing, the ease of use and the fact they can use it from everywhere. They would follow the movement if the application was spreading among their colleagues. The main default of this segment is their lack of time both to study advertisement and to learn how to use the application (relatively high apprehension to use it). 3) Sarah, the Parent Last segment to target The parents’ generation does not understand anything about new technologies. They generally cannot even use a third of their devices’ options. However, once installed on their smartphones they will certainly enjoy it. A non-exhaustive defaults’ list of the segment may contain: The high apprehension to use such an application The lack of time to consider buying it The low sensitivity to fads The inability to install it themselves That is why PickDeck needs children as ambassadors 2) Create positioning statements for you two first chosen target personas 1) Regina, the Teen Key themes: A state-of-the-art technology A permanent connection everywhere, at any time A connection with all your friends via social networks Ambassadors to the family â€Å"My new product PickDeck is the state-of-the-art way to have the pictures you take directly available on all your devices and social networks. Everywhere, anytime, the wireless technology will allow you to keep sharing your best moments with your friends and family.† 2) Steve, the Young Professional Key themes: A permanent connection everywhere, at any time A fast and efficient application An easy-learning application Time â€Å"My new product PickDeck is the easiest way to upload the pictures you take automatically on your devices, it is definitely time-efficient. Everywhere, anytime, the wireless technology will allow you to keep improving your efficiency and sharing with your customers and friends.†